Modèle d’évaluation des immobilisations (CAPM)
Le modèle d’évaluation des immobilisations (MEDAF) indique quel devrait être le taux de rendement attendu ou requis pour les actifs risqués tels que les actions ordinaires de KMI.
Taux de rendement
Kinder Morgan Inc., taux de rendement mensuels
| Kinder Morgan Inc. (KMI) | Standard & Poor’s 500 (S&P 500) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t | Date | PrixKMI,t1 | DividendeKMI,t1 | RKMI,t2 | PrixS&P 500,t | RS&P 500,t3 |
| 31 janv. 2015 | $41.05 | 1,994.99 | ||||
| 1. | 28 févr. 2015 | $41.01 | -0.10% | 2,104.50 | 5.49% | |
| 2. | 31 mars 2015 | $42.06 | 2.56% | 2,067.89 | -1.74% | |
| 3. | 30 avr. 2015 | $42.95 | $0.48 | 3.26% | 2,085.51 | 0.85% |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| 58. | 30 nov. 2019 | $19.61 | -1.85% | 3,140.98 | 3.40% | |
| 59. | 31 déc. 2019 | $21.17 | 7.96% | 3,230.78 | 2.86% | |
| Moyenne (R): | -0.44% | 0.88% | ||||
| Écart type: | 8.13% | 3.45% | ||||
| Kinder Morgan Inc. (KMI) | Standard & Poor’s 500 (S&P 500) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t | Date | PrixKMI,t1 | DividendeKMI,t1 | RKMI,t2 | PrixS&P 500,t | RS&P 500,t3 |
| 31 janv. 2015 | $41.05 | 1,994.99 | ||||
| 1. | 28 févr. 2015 | $41.01 | -0.10% | 2,104.50 | 5.49% | |
| 2. | 31 mars 2015 | $42.06 | 2.56% | 2,067.89 | -1.74% | |
| 3. | 30 avr. 2015 | $42.95 | $0.48 | 3.26% | 2,085.51 | 0.85% |
| 4. | 31 mai 2015 | $41.49 | -3.40% | 2,107.39 | 1.05% | |
| 5. | 30 juin 2015 | $38.39 | -7.47% | 2,063.11 | -2.10% | |
| 6. | 31 juil. 2015 | $34.64 | $0.49 | -8.49% | 2,103.84 | 1.97% |
| 7. | 31 août 2015 | $32.41 | -6.44% | 1,972.18 | -6.26% | |
| 8. | 30 sept. 2015 | $27.68 | -14.59% | 1,920.03 | -2.64% | |
| 9. | 31 oct. 2015 | $27.35 | $0.51 | 0.65% | 2,079.36 | 8.30% |
| 10. | 30 nov. 2015 | $23.57 | -13.82% | 2,080.41 | 0.05% | |
| 11. | 31 déc. 2015 | $14.92 | -36.70% | 2,043.94 | -1.75% | |
| 12. | 31 janv. 2016 | $16.45 | $0.125 | 11.09% | 1,940.24 | -5.07% |
| 13. | 29 févr. 2016 | $18.09 | 9.97% | 1,932.23 | -0.41% | |
| 14. | 31 mars 2016 | $17.86 | -1.27% | 2,059.74 | 6.60% | |
| 15. | 30 avr. 2016 | $17.76 | $0.125 | 0.14% | 2,065.30 | 0.27% |
| 16. | 31 mai 2016 | $18.08 | 1.80% | 2,096.95 | 1.53% | |
| 17. | 30 juin 2016 | $18.72 | 3.54% | 2,098.86 | 0.09% | |
| 18. | 31 juil. 2016 | $20.33 | $0.125 | 9.27% | 2,173.60 | 3.56% |
| 19. | 31 août 2016 | $21.85 | 7.48% | 2,170.95 | -0.12% | |
| 20. | 30 sept. 2016 | $23.13 | 5.86% | 2,168.27 | -0.12% | |
| 21. | 31 oct. 2016 | $20.43 | $0.125 | -11.13% | 2,126.15 | -1.94% |
| 22. | 30 nov. 2016 | $22.20 | 8.66% | 2,198.81 | 3.42% | |
| 23. | 31 déc. 2016 | $20.71 | -6.71% | 2,238.83 | 1.82% | |
| 24. | 31 janv. 2017 | $22.34 | $0.125 | 8.47% | 2,278.87 | 1.79% |
| 25. | 28 févr. 2017 | $21.31 | -4.61% | 2,363.64 | 3.72% | |
| 26. | 31 mars 2017 | $21.74 | 2.02% | 2,362.72 | -0.04% | |
| 27. | 30 avr. 2017 | $20.63 | $0.125 | -4.53% | 2,384.20 | 0.91% |
| 28. | 31 mai 2017 | $18.76 | -9.06% | 2,411.80 | 1.16% | |
| 29. | 30 juin 2017 | $19.16 | 2.13% | 2,423.41 | 0.48% | |
| 30. | 31 juil. 2017 | $20.43 | $0.125 | 7.28% | 2,470.30 | 1.93% |
| 31. | 31 août 2017 | $19.33 | -5.38% | 2,471.65 | 0.05% | |
| 32. | 30 sept. 2017 | $19.18 | -0.78% | 2,519.36 | 1.93% | |
| 33. | 31 oct. 2017 | $18.11 | $0.125 | -4.93% | 2,575.26 | 2.22% |
| 34. | 30 nov. 2017 | $17.23 | -4.86% | 2,647.58 | 2.81% | |
| 35. | 31 déc. 2017 | $18.07 | 4.88% | 2,673.61 | 0.98% | |
| 36. | 31 janv. 2018 | $17.98 | $0.125 | 0.19% | 2,823.81 | 5.62% |
| 37. | 28 févr. 2018 | $16.20 | -9.90% | 2,713.83 | -3.89% | |
| 38. | 31 mars 2018 | $15.06 | -7.04% | 2,640.87 | -2.69% | |
| 39. | 30 avr. 2018 | $15.82 | $0.20 | 6.37% | 2,648.05 | 0.27% |
| 40. | 31 mai 2018 | $16.68 | 5.44% | 2,705.27 | 2.16% | |
| 41. | 30 juin 2018 | $17.67 | 5.94% | 2,718.37 | 0.48% | |
| 42. | 31 juil. 2018 | $17.78 | $0.20 | 1.75% | 2,816.29 | 3.60% |
| 43. | 31 août 2018 | $17.70 | -0.45% | 2,901.52 | 3.03% | |
| 44. | 30 sept. 2018 | $17.73 | 0.17% | 2,913.98 | 0.43% | |
| 45. | 31 oct. 2018 | $17.02 | $0.20 | -2.88% | 2,711.74 | -6.94% |
| 46. | 30 nov. 2018 | $17.07 | 0.29% | 2,760.17 | 1.79% | |
| 47. | 31 déc. 2018 | $15.38 | -9.90% | 2,506.85 | -9.18% | |
| 48. | 31 janv. 2019 | $18.10 | $0.20 | 18.99% | 2,704.10 | 7.87% |
| 49. | 28 févr. 2019 | $19.16 | 5.86% | 2,784.49 | 2.97% | |
| 50. | 31 mars 2019 | $20.01 | 4.44% | 2,834.40 | 1.79% | |
| 51. | 30 avr. 2019 | $19.87 | $0.25 | 0.55% | 2,945.83 | 3.93% |
| 52. | 31 mai 2019 | $19.95 | 0.40% | 2,752.06 | -6.58% | |
| 53. | 30 juin 2019 | $20.88 | 4.66% | 2,941.76 | 6.89% | |
| 54. | 31 juil. 2019 | $20.62 | $0.25 | -0.05% | 2,980.38 | 1.31% |
| 55. | 31 août 2019 | $20.27 | -1.70% | 2,926.46 | -1.81% | |
| 56. | 30 sept. 2019 | $20.61 | 1.68% | 2,976.74 | 1.72% | |
| 57. | 31 oct. 2019 | $19.98 | $0.25 | -1.84% | 3,037.56 | 2.04% |
| 58. | 30 nov. 2019 | $19.61 | -1.85% | 3,140.98 | 3.40% | |
| 59. | 31 déc. 2019 | $21.17 | 7.96% | 3,230.78 | 2.86% | |
| Moyenne (R): | -0.44% | 0.88% | ||||
| Écart type: | 8.13% | 3.45% | ||||
Tout afficher
1 Données en dollars américains par action ordinaire, ajustées pour tenir compte des fractionnements et des dividendes en actions.
2 Taux de rendement des actions ordinaires de KMI au cours de la période t.
3 Taux de rendement de l’indice S&P 500 (l’indicateur du portefeuille de marché) au cours de la période t.
Variance et covariance
Kinder Morgan Inc., calcul de la variance et de la covariance des rendements
| t | Date | RKMI,t | RS&P 500,t | (RKMI,t–RKMI)2 | (RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500)2 | (RKMI,t–RKMI)×(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 28 févr. 2015 | -0.10% | 5.49% | 0.12 | 21.25 | 1.59 |
| 2. | 31 mars 2015 | 2.56% | -1.74% | 9.02 | 6.86 | -7.87 |
| 3. | 30 avr. 2015 | 3.26% | 0.85% | 13.69 | 0.00 | -0.10 |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| 58. | 30 nov. 2019 | -1.85% | 3.40% | 1.98 | 6.38 | -3.56 |
| 59. | 31 déc. 2019 | 7.96% | 2.86% | 70.53 | 3.92 | 16.63 |
| Total (Σ): | 3,831.54 | 688.77 | 561.88 | |||
| t | Date | RKMI,t | RS&P 500,t | (RKMI,t–RKMI)2 | (RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500)2 | (RKMI,t–RKMI)×(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 28 févr. 2015 | -0.10% | 5.49% | 0.12 | 21.25 | 1.59 |
| 2. | 31 mars 2015 | 2.56% | -1.74% | 9.02 | 6.86 | -7.87 |
| 3. | 30 avr. 2015 | 3.26% | 0.85% | 13.69 | 0.00 | -0.10 |
| 4. | 31 mai 2015 | -3.40% | 1.05% | 8.74 | 0.03 | -0.50 |
| 5. | 30 juin 2015 | -7.47% | -2.10% | 49.40 | 8.88 | 20.95 |
| 6. | 31 juil. 2015 | -8.49% | 1.97% | 64.78 | 1.20 | -8.81 |
| 7. | 31 août 2015 | -6.44% | -6.26% | 35.93 | 50.94 | 42.78 |
| 8. | 30 sept. 2015 | -14.59% | -2.64% | 200.25 | 12.41 | 49.86 |
| 9. | 31 oct. 2015 | 0.65% | 8.30% | 1.20 | 55.04 | 8.11 |
| 10. | 30 nov. 2015 | -13.82% | 0.05% | 178.96 | 0.69 | 11.09 |
| 11. | 31 déc. 2015 | -36.70% | -1.75% | 1,314.50 | 6.93 | 95.43 |
| 12. | 31 janv. 2016 | 11.09% | -5.07% | 133.07 | 35.43 | -68.67 |
| 13. | 29 févr. 2016 | 9.97% | -0.41% | 108.42 | 1.67 | -13.45 |
| 14. | 31 mars 2016 | -1.27% | 6.60% | 0.69 | 32.72 | -4.74 |
| 15. | 30 avr. 2016 | 0.14% | 0.27% | 0.34 | 0.37 | -0.36 |
| 16. | 31 mai 2016 | 1.80% | 1.53% | 5.04 | 0.43 | 1.47 |
| 17. | 30 juin 2016 | 3.54% | 0.09% | 15.86 | 0.62 | -3.14 |
| 18. | 31 juil. 2016 | 9.27% | 3.56% | 94.31 | 7.19 | 26.04 |
| 19. | 31 août 2016 | 7.48% | -0.12% | 62.72 | 1.00 | -7.93 |
| 20. | 30 sept. 2016 | 5.86% | -0.12% | 39.71 | 1.01 | -6.32 |
| 21. | 31 oct. 2016 | -11.13% | -1.94% | 114.27 | 7.96 | 30.16 |
| 22. | 30 nov. 2016 | 8.66% | 3.42% | 82.93 | 6.44 | 23.12 |
| 23. | 31 déc. 2016 | -6.71% | 1.82% | 39.30 | 0.89 | -5.90 |
| 24. | 31 janv. 2017 | 8.47% | 1.79% | 79.52 | 0.83 | 8.11 |
| 25. | 28 févr. 2017 | -4.61% | 3.72% | 17.37 | 8.07 | -11.84 |
| 26. | 31 mars 2017 | 2.02% | -0.04% | 6.06 | 0.84 | -2.26 |
| 27. | 30 avr. 2017 | -4.53% | 0.91% | 16.71 | 0.00 | -0.12 |
| 28. | 31 mai 2017 | -9.06% | 1.16% | 74.33 | 0.08 | -2.40 |
| 29. | 30 juin 2017 | 2.13% | 0.48% | 6.63 | 0.16 | -1.02 |
| 30. | 31 juil. 2017 | 7.28% | 1.93% | 59.66 | 1.11 | 8.15 |
| 31. | 31 août 2017 | -5.38% | 0.05% | 24.41 | 0.68 | 4.07 |
| 32. | 30 sept. 2017 | -0.78% | 1.93% | 0.11 | 1.10 | -0.35 |
| 33. | 31 oct. 2017 | -4.93% | 2.22% | 20.11 | 1.79 | -6.01 |
| 34. | 30 nov. 2017 | -4.86% | 2.81% | 19.50 | 3.72 | -8.52 |
| 35. | 31 déc. 2017 | 4.88% | 0.98% | 28.28 | 0.01 | 0.55 |
| 36. | 31 janv. 2018 | 0.19% | 5.62% | 0.41 | 22.46 | 3.02 |
| 37. | 28 févr. 2018 | -9.90% | -3.89% | 89.43 | 22.79 | 45.15 |
| 38. | 31 mars 2018 | -7.04% | -2.69% | 43.48 | 12.73 | 23.52 |
| 39. | 30 avr. 2018 | 6.37% | 0.27% | 46.48 | 0.37 | -4.14 |
| 40. | 31 mai 2018 | 5.44% | 2.16% | 34.57 | 1.64 | 7.54 |
| 41. | 30 juin 2018 | 5.94% | 0.48% | 40.68 | 0.16 | -2.52 |
| 42. | 31 juil. 2018 | 1.75% | 3.60% | 4.83 | 7.41 | 5.98 |
| 43. | 31 août 2018 | -0.45% | 3.03% | 0.00 | 4.61 | -0.01 |
| 44. | 30 sept. 2018 | 0.17% | 0.43% | 0.38 | 0.20 | -0.28 |
| 45. | 31 oct. 2018 | -2.88% | -6.94% | 5.92 | 61.14 | 19.03 |
| 46. | 30 nov. 2018 | 0.29% | 1.79% | 0.54 | 0.82 | 0.67 |
| 47. | 31 déc. 2018 | -9.90% | -9.18% | 89.44 | 101.14 | 95.11 |
| 48. | 31 janv. 2019 | 18.99% | 7.87% | 377.48 | 48.85 | 135.79 |
| 49. | 28 févr. 2019 | 5.86% | 2.97% | 39.68 | 4.38 | 13.19 |
| 50. | 31 mars 2019 | 4.44% | 1.79% | 23.81 | 0.83 | 4.46 |
| 51. | 30 avr. 2019 | 0.55% | 3.93% | 0.99 | 9.32 | 3.03 |
| 52. | 31 mai 2019 | 0.40% | -6.58% | 0.72 | 55.61 | -6.31 |
| 53. | 30 juin 2019 | 4.66% | 6.89% | 26.06 | 36.17 | 30.70 |
| 54. | 31 juil. 2019 | -0.05% | 1.31% | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.17 |
| 55. | 31 août 2019 | -1.70% | -1.81% | 1.57 | 7.23 | 3.37 |
| 56. | 30 sept. 2019 | 1.68% | 1.72% | 4.50 | 0.70 | 1.78 |
| 57. | 31 oct. 2019 | -1.84% | 2.04% | 1.96 | 1.36 | -1.63 |
| 58. | 30 nov. 2019 | -1.85% | 3.40% | 1.98 | 6.38 | -3.56 |
| 59. | 31 déc. 2019 | 7.96% | 2.86% | 70.53 | 3.92 | 16.63 |
| Total (Σ): | 3,831.54 | 688.77 | 561.88 | |||
Tout afficher
VarianceKMI = Σ(RKMI,t–RKMI)2 ÷ (59 – 1)
= 3,831.54 ÷ (59 – 1)
= 66.06
VarianceS&P 500 = Σ(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500)2 ÷ (59 – 1)
= 688.77 ÷ (59 – 1)
= 11.88
CovarianceKMI, S&P 500 = Σ(RKMI,t–RKMI)×(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500) ÷ (59 – 1)
= 561.88 ÷ (59 – 1)
= 9.69
Estimation systématique des risques (β)
| VarianceKMI | 66.06 |
| VarianceS&P 500 | 11.88 |
| CovarianceKMI, S&P 500 | 9.69 |
| Coefficient de corrélationKMI, S&P 5001 | 0.35 |
| βKMI2 | 0.82 |
| αKMI3 | -1.16% |
Calculs
1 Coefficient de corrélationKMI, S&P 500
= CovarianceKMI, S&P 500 ÷ (Écart typeKMI × Écart typeS&P 500)
= 9.69 ÷ (8.13% × 3.45%)
= 0.35
2 βKMI
= CovarianceKMI, S&P 500 ÷ VarianceS&P 500
= 9.69 ÷ 11.88
= 0.82
3 αKMI
= MoyenneKMI – βKMI × MoyenneS&P 500
= -0.44% – 0.82 × 0.88%
= -1.16%
Taux de rendement attendu
| Hypothèses | ||
| Taux de rendement de LT Treasury Composite1 | RF | 4.67% |
| Taux de rendement attendu du portefeuille de marché2 | E(RM) | 13.79% |
| Risque systématique lié à KMI actions ordinaires | βKMI | 0.82 |
| Taux de rendement attendu des actions ordinaires de KMI3 | E(RKMI) | 12.11% |
1 Moyenne non pondérée des rendements des offres sur tous les bons du Trésor américain à coupon fixe en circulation qui ne sont ni échus ni remboursables par anticipation dans moins de 10 ans (indicateur du taux de rendement sans risque).
3 E(RKMI) = RF + βKMI [E(RM) – RF]
= 4.67% + 0.82 [13.79% – 4.67%]
= 12.11%